On the occasion of the first edition of InnoRobo who was late March in Lyon, the Internet offers to return to News conferences Robolift that punctuated the three days of meetings, the first theme was the form of robots of tomorrow. Fumiya Iida is a researcher at the Laboratory of robotics inspired by life (Bio-Inspired Robotics Lab) which depends on the Institute for Robotics and Intelligent Systems of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich.
His presentation (. Pdf) focused on what he called "machine intelligence", that is to say how new mechanical designs inspired by nature can help robots to move. "There is no simple answer to the question of the form that will spam in the future, warns Fumiya Iida." The public and science-fiction rather imagine a humanoid robot with a human face, but some body parts will be replaced by mechanical components, as shown in the movie I Robot, Robot, inspired by the work of Isaac Asimov.
But this form is perhaps more than human beings in the future than that of robots. "Fumiya Iida's work is to study the movement inspired by biology, as evidenced by the many robots that it has developed. George Lauder, Harvard has shown by example that could be a dead fish swim, because the current allows the body of a dead fish continue to harness the power for swimming (video).
"This is the very form of the fish body which predisposes to this." From this experience, Fumiya Ida draws the precept that there is always a reason that living things have a specific form in nature. "The development led the animals to adapt, because they had to deal with specific and complex environments.
In the future, it will be like robots." Fumiya Iida's work inspired by these findings. Bio-Leg, developed at the Laboratory of locomotion at the University of Jena, is a robot Unipede that exists in two versions. The one with a hinged leg springs and one with a stiff leg, unsegmented. Ida Fumiyada work showed that with the right leg was more rapid than had articulated leg.
But one with a leg segments (simply articulated) proved much more stable. This work was used to measure the influence of design on robotics, to better understand the speed and stability of our movements. The researcher also developed a robot with 4 feet to better understand the influence of body design on the diversity of behaviors walk.
"When you look at the complexity of human muscle tissue that allow bipedalism and variety of movements that together makes possible, we find that robots are necessarily a simplification, and that this simplification will affect the variety of motor behaviors of the robot ". Jena Walker, another biped robot, which is able to make different types of movement: it is able to walk naturally, hop, rewind or even do the moonwalk to Michael Jackson.
This diversity of movements is related to biotic springs that facilitate his movements while minimizing the number of engines to do useful work. Robot Fish Wanda is it a robot swimmer who has only one engine. His ability to swim is mainly related to the study of body weight concentrated in its center and its mobile wing which allows him to dive and back ...
in short, a comprehensive study of fish movements to simplify the mechanical properties while their giving most of them. The diagram of the comparative efficiency of animals and machines (following the work of von Karman Gabrielli performance vehicles), shows that living things have an energy efficiency far more optimal than the robots.
Overall, the robots move more slowly and consume more energy than humans. Fumiya Iida for it still shows the effort required to design robots that move like humans. Fumiya Iida and his colleagues have also worked to use the resonant frequency to decrease the energy consumption of their robots and increase their ability to travel.
The robots they have produced (Curved Beam Hopper, video) are built around an elastic rod that allows them to bounce and whose movement and behavior are changing when we change the curvature of the rod. Their movements (slightly hysterical) look more natural and energy efficiency has been improved to be closer to that of animals.
It's the whole purpose of the work of Fumiya Iida: Extract the mechanism of the movement of animals behind their biological structure to apply to robots. The behavior of the robots movement often remains simple: they are able to walk, hop ... But robots can they learn more complex behaviors? In what form does it affect this learning? Robots could one day they resemble foals learn to coordinate very quickly from birth? This is the goal of MiniDog6M, a robot dog articulated with 6 motors (one on each foot and two in the body) and an accelerometer that lets him know what position he is.
This robot has taught himself to stand up in any starting position. Again, the design parameters to ensure the distribution of weight, body shape, placement of engines, the length of the segments to expand the possibilities of movement. Ultimately concludes Fumiya Iida, it is unclear whether the robots in the future will resemble more to animals rather than R2D2 or C6PO.
What is certain is that the mechanical dynamics plays an important role. "The shape of the robots to come will depend on stability, speed, energy efficiency, their ability to learn and especially the diversity of behavior we want to make them." They will depend on the "mechanical momentum" that defines Fumiya Iida difficult, as the various movements which our body is able, without necessarily using the muscular engines, like when you balance a swinging arm or leg when organized as you walk.
If the human body is always under control, it may be that mechanical springs may help robots work better, in addition to engines that operate them. The goal is not to make robots that look like animals, but behave like them, familiar way more than mechanical. What we want robots with human form, and more so we imagine they will live with us and built environments for humans, does not a must.
The domestication James Auger is a designer and teaches in the Department of interaction of the Royal College of Art, London (RCA), where he is responsible for research. It is not robotics, he warns as to apologize, but that did not stop it being designer of robots, as he had explained to Lift magnificently in 2009.
The promise of home robots, which we dream for 70 years, is poised to become a reality (see his presentation (. Pdf)). They begin to penetrate our most familiar spaces, through the door of our homes. However, it is not easy to guess what they look like. When you ask an architect to look like the building of the future, one quickly realizes that we need a context to imagine.
Dreams embody the technological readiness of technologies to go beyond what is feasible as described in George Basalla The evolution of technology. Any advanced technology can not be distinguished from magic. But robots have not yet entered our homes, and the dream continues to be redefined again and again by the technicians.
How do robots have to be in our homes? When we made the design of robots, we must think about their real presence. James Auger and invite us to watch our domestic companions, dogs, a perfect example of domestication, which in 15 000 years have passed from animals to wild animals that sleep in our beds.
When we observe the evolution of computers from the iMac to EDSAC, one sees that there is a domestication at work. The computer has built our home environments, he says, referring to the work of James Gibson. It will be the same for robots, predicts James Auger. In design form and function are linked: the robots that will enter our homes will also have a shape and a function associated.
For now, we use special forms to make them come into our homes and move in our environments (anthropomorphic, zoomorphic and paedomorphs, ie the making of the robots look like men, animals or children). But computers also entered our homes through a special form - game consoles - by hacking into a familiar technology: television.
James Auger evokes course its autonomous robots carnivores that catch flies or mice to produce the energy necessary for their operation. The five robots are more like autonomous domestic products (a clock, lamp, table ...) than robots. They are closer to the plants that live and die as machines.
But he cites other showing a robotic environment rather than a robot humanized, as Laundry With Robots Diego Trujillo, a student at the RCA. For Diego Trujillo, sharing his life with robots to adapt to the demand constraints are theirs: our sheets are color coded so that the robots know the bend, our cups have handles for humans and others to spam ...
Another student RCA Mark McKKeague has him thinking that the sounds could produce the robots when they travel: cats meow, sounds of slippers or shoes ... see, to make them more familiar to our ears still sounds Involuntary Human (cracking fingers, gurgling stomachs and other pets ...). And conclude with a video, that of a robot ball launcher playing with a dog, making the robot more canine still, as if both the animal and the machine, having fun together.
"Are we there face to robots?" Interrogates Laurent Haug conference organizer. "Do we need to make distinctions between robots?" Replies James Auger stating that knows no clear classification of the nature of robots. "Everyday objects are they going to become robots, or will it be necessary to introduce robots radically different from things we already know in our environment?" Laurent Haug questions yet.
We slow to accept foreign objects in familiar environments of our homes, as we have been slow to accept something as common as the telephone. Known forms can give just to save time. BEYOND THE ROBOTIC ... Dominique Sciamma, designer and director of development and research at Strate College, a school of design, said that designers often wonder about the form of a question before answering.
When it comes to robots, we all know what it's like what we are trying to sell us as a robot. But it was harder to imagine our everyday objects become robots. "For tomorrow, all objects will be able to perceive their environment, to represent him, to decide and act accordingly. So much so that one wonders if the shape is really important." The question of the shape is somewhat interesting, "says the designer, it is rather the people and their behaviors that will decide.
"For these are the behaviors that are the vector of our relationship to objects. We all want to be friends with R2D2, because its behavior is unpredictable, generous and universal. The important thing is that although the relationship built with our objects, just like Paro the robotic seal used by some homes as a treatment for Alzheimer's disease.
The key is not technology, that's what we gonna do with it! What will happen again between users and this rebot! "And Dominique Sciamma to appeal to magical thinking! Technology, reason, marketing is that we are not the point. The important are the relationships that we have with our objects, a teapot, a clock, a candlestick ...
as we moved in Disney's Beauty and the Beast. To illustrate this, Dominique lists several student projects from Strate College (see presentation. pdf) as the Garden of Love we will see in June to the Future in the Seine, which offers three mobile robots: a bench, a wastebasket and a luminary who have them when you do not use of them.
These elements of a garden marivaudent, and what services they are going to be changed as they put on a show. Arnaud Deloustal in 2008 worked on OBOE, a humanoid robot to service that has no purpose other than to observe the person with whom he lives, to build a base of memories after that will listen to the person with whom he lives, will observe the day ...
And that person will die, the heart of the robot, one where memories are stored, will be able to transmit and recover from memories of the deceased, his gestures, his mannerisms, habits ... Living Toys of Arnaud Lecat is a project of robotic objects that are new emergent behaviors when placed next to each other.
Metis (video) is a prototype bionic arm designed by C. Darius Delaunay-Driquert who listens to the human body. On the death of its bearer, it allows another person to relive the movements of the man who has worn. Jeremy Dube imagined him with an artificial womb Rebirth in a robot, as if the machine could be the sole protector of humanity ...
But Dominique Sciamma saved the best for last. In presenting the "living kitchen" Michaël Harboun (video). Cuisine inspired by the Claytronics (a research program of Carnegie Mellon University hopes to build nanoscale robots to assemble them to build anything and everything, as we explained Remi Sussan).
Here, the kitchen turns to meet your every need ... "More than the forms, attitudes or practices, what are the relationships we have with our items that are preparing to introduce a radically new order. We will have relations, that is to say, links, arguments, feelings between us and our objects.
A relationship that leads to all issues of design. These are the designers who will transform the technological objects into objects "human" by which the relationship will be transformed, "concludes Dominique Sciamma in charge of a school of Design seeking opportunities for its students ..." We plan on our items our ability to love and techno will allow us to keep: they will love us! " 
His presentation (. Pdf) focused on what he called "machine intelligence", that is to say how new mechanical designs inspired by nature can help robots to move. "There is no simple answer to the question of the form that will spam in the future, warns Fumiya Iida." The public and science-fiction rather imagine a humanoid robot with a human face, but some body parts will be replaced by mechanical components, as shown in the movie I Robot, Robot, inspired by the work of Isaac Asimov.
But this form is perhaps more than human beings in the future than that of robots. "Fumiya Iida's work is to study the movement inspired by biology, as evidenced by the many robots that it has developed. George Lauder, Harvard has shown by example that could be a dead fish swim, because the current allows the body of a dead fish continue to harness the power for swimming (video).
"This is the very form of the fish body which predisposes to this." From this experience, Fumiya Ida draws the precept that there is always a reason that living things have a specific form in nature. "The development led the animals to adapt, because they had to deal with specific and complex environments.
In the future, it will be like robots." Fumiya Iida's work inspired by these findings. Bio-Leg, developed at the Laboratory of locomotion at the University of Jena, is a robot Unipede that exists in two versions. The one with a hinged leg springs and one with a stiff leg, unsegmented. Ida Fumiyada work showed that with the right leg was more rapid than had articulated leg.
But one with a leg segments (simply articulated) proved much more stable. This work was used to measure the influence of design on robotics, to better understand the speed and stability of our movements. The researcher also developed a robot with 4 feet to better understand the influence of body design on the diversity of behaviors walk.
"When you look at the complexity of human muscle tissue that allow bipedalism and variety of movements that together makes possible, we find that robots are necessarily a simplification, and that this simplification will affect the variety of motor behaviors of the robot ". Jena Walker, another biped robot, which is able to make different types of movement: it is able to walk naturally, hop, rewind or even do the moonwalk to Michael Jackson.
This diversity of movements is related to biotic springs that facilitate his movements while minimizing the number of engines to do useful work. Robot Fish Wanda is it a robot swimmer who has only one engine. His ability to swim is mainly related to the study of body weight concentrated in its center and its mobile wing which allows him to dive and back ...
in short, a comprehensive study of fish movements to simplify the mechanical properties while their giving most of them. The diagram of the comparative efficiency of animals and machines (following the work of von Karman Gabrielli performance vehicles), shows that living things have an energy efficiency far more optimal than the robots.
Overall, the robots move more slowly and consume more energy than humans. Fumiya Iida for it still shows the effort required to design robots that move like humans. Fumiya Iida and his colleagues have also worked to use the resonant frequency to decrease the energy consumption of their robots and increase their ability to travel.
The robots they have produced (Curved Beam Hopper, video) are built around an elastic rod that allows them to bounce and whose movement and behavior are changing when we change the curvature of the rod. Their movements (slightly hysterical) look more natural and energy efficiency has been improved to be closer to that of animals.
It's the whole purpose of the work of Fumiya Iida: Extract the mechanism of the movement of animals behind their biological structure to apply to robots. The behavior of the robots movement often remains simple: they are able to walk, hop ... But robots can they learn more complex behaviors? In what form does it affect this learning? Robots could one day they resemble foals learn to coordinate very quickly from birth? This is the goal of MiniDog6M, a robot dog articulated with 6 motors (one on each foot and two in the body) and an accelerometer that lets him know what position he is.
This robot has taught himself to stand up in any starting position. Again, the design parameters to ensure the distribution of weight, body shape, placement of engines, the length of the segments to expand the possibilities of movement. Ultimately concludes Fumiya Iida, it is unclear whether the robots in the future will resemble more to animals rather than R2D2 or C6PO.
What is certain is that the mechanical dynamics plays an important role. "The shape of the robots to come will depend on stability, speed, energy efficiency, their ability to learn and especially the diversity of behavior we want to make them." They will depend on the "mechanical momentum" that defines Fumiya Iida difficult, as the various movements which our body is able, without necessarily using the muscular engines, like when you balance a swinging arm or leg when organized as you walk.
If the human body is always under control, it may be that mechanical springs may help robots work better, in addition to engines that operate them. The goal is not to make robots that look like animals, but behave like them, familiar way more than mechanical. What we want robots with human form, and more so we imagine they will live with us and built environments for humans, does not a must.
The domestication James Auger is a designer and teaches in the Department of interaction of the Royal College of Art, London (RCA), where he is responsible for research. It is not robotics, he warns as to apologize, but that did not stop it being designer of robots, as he had explained to Lift magnificently in 2009.
The promise of home robots, which we dream for 70 years, is poised to become a reality (see his presentation (. Pdf)). They begin to penetrate our most familiar spaces, through the door of our homes. However, it is not easy to guess what they look like. When you ask an architect to look like the building of the future, one quickly realizes that we need a context to imagine.
Dreams embody the technological readiness of technologies to go beyond what is feasible as described in George Basalla The evolution of technology. Any advanced technology can not be distinguished from magic. But robots have not yet entered our homes, and the dream continues to be redefined again and again by the technicians.
How do robots have to be in our homes? When we made the design of robots, we must think about their real presence. James Auger and invite us to watch our domestic companions, dogs, a perfect example of domestication, which in 15 000 years have passed from animals to wild animals that sleep in our beds.
When we observe the evolution of computers from the iMac to EDSAC, one sees that there is a domestication at work. The computer has built our home environments, he says, referring to the work of James Gibson. It will be the same for robots, predicts James Auger. In design form and function are linked: the robots that will enter our homes will also have a shape and a function associated.
For now, we use special forms to make them come into our homes and move in our environments (anthropomorphic, zoomorphic and paedomorphs, ie the making of the robots look like men, animals or children). But computers also entered our homes through a special form - game consoles - by hacking into a familiar technology: television.
James Auger evokes course its autonomous robots carnivores that catch flies or mice to produce the energy necessary for their operation. The five robots are more like autonomous domestic products (a clock, lamp, table ...) than robots. They are closer to the plants that live and die as machines.
But he cites other showing a robotic environment rather than a robot humanized, as Laundry With Robots Diego Trujillo, a student at the RCA. For Diego Trujillo, sharing his life with robots to adapt to the demand constraints are theirs: our sheets are color coded so that the robots know the bend, our cups have handles for humans and others to spam ...
Another student RCA Mark McKKeague has him thinking that the sounds could produce the robots when they travel: cats meow, sounds of slippers or shoes ... see, to make them more familiar to our ears still sounds Involuntary Human (cracking fingers, gurgling stomachs and other pets ...). And conclude with a video, that of a robot ball launcher playing with a dog, making the robot more canine still, as if both the animal and the machine, having fun together.
"Are we there face to robots?" Interrogates Laurent Haug conference organizer. "Do we need to make distinctions between robots?" Replies James Auger stating that knows no clear classification of the nature of robots. "Everyday objects are they going to become robots, or will it be necessary to introduce robots radically different from things we already know in our environment?" Laurent Haug questions yet.
We slow to accept foreign objects in familiar environments of our homes, as we have been slow to accept something as common as the telephone. Known forms can give just to save time. BEYOND THE ROBOTIC ... Dominique Sciamma, designer and director of development and research at Strate College, a school of design, said that designers often wonder about the form of a question before answering.
When it comes to robots, we all know what it's like what we are trying to sell us as a robot. But it was harder to imagine our everyday objects become robots. "For tomorrow, all objects will be able to perceive their environment, to represent him, to decide and act accordingly. So much so that one wonders if the shape is really important." The question of the shape is somewhat interesting, "says the designer, it is rather the people and their behaviors that will decide.
"For these are the behaviors that are the vector of our relationship to objects. We all want to be friends with R2D2, because its behavior is unpredictable, generous and universal. The important thing is that although the relationship built with our objects, just like Paro the robotic seal used by some homes as a treatment for Alzheimer's disease.
The key is not technology, that's what we gonna do with it! What will happen again between users and this rebot! "And Dominique Sciamma to appeal to magical thinking! Technology, reason, marketing is that we are not the point. The important are the relationships that we have with our objects, a teapot, a clock, a candlestick ...
as we moved in Disney's Beauty and the Beast. To illustrate this, Dominique lists several student projects from Strate College (see presentation. pdf) as the Garden of Love we will see in June to the Future in the Seine, which offers three mobile robots: a bench, a wastebasket and a luminary who have them when you do not use of them.
These elements of a garden marivaudent, and what services they are going to be changed as they put on a show. Arnaud Deloustal in 2008 worked on OBOE, a humanoid robot to service that has no purpose other than to observe the person with whom he lives, to build a base of memories after that will listen to the person with whom he lives, will observe the day ...
And that person will die, the heart of the robot, one where memories are stored, will be able to transmit and recover from memories of the deceased, his gestures, his mannerisms, habits ... Living Toys of Arnaud Lecat is a project of robotic objects that are new emergent behaviors when placed next to each other.
Metis (video) is a prototype bionic arm designed by C. Darius Delaunay-Driquert who listens to the human body. On the death of its bearer, it allows another person to relive the movements of the man who has worn. Jeremy Dube imagined him with an artificial womb Rebirth in a robot, as if the machine could be the sole protector of humanity ...
But Dominique Sciamma saved the best for last. In presenting the "living kitchen" Michaël Harboun (video). Cuisine inspired by the Claytronics (a research program of Carnegie Mellon University hopes to build nanoscale robots to assemble them to build anything and everything, as we explained Remi Sussan).
Here, the kitchen turns to meet your every need ... "More than the forms, attitudes or practices, what are the relationships we have with our items that are preparing to introduce a radically new order. We will have relations, that is to say, links, arguments, feelings between us and our objects.
A relationship that leads to all issues of design. These are the designers who will transform the technological objects into objects "human" by which the relationship will be transformed, "concludes Dominique Sciamma in charge of a school of Design seeking opportunities for its students ..." We plan on our items our ability to love and techno will allow us to keep: they will love us! "
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